Morte de Buddy Holly em acidente aéreo completa 50 anos
Holly nasceu em Lubbock, Texas. Os Holleys eram uma família de músicos e cedo Buddy aprendeu a tocar violino, piano e guitarra. Ainda adolescente já tocava como profissional num duo de música country. A sua grande oportunidade surgiu quando fez a abertura de um concerto de Bill Haley and The Comets num espectáculo local. Assinou contrato pela "Decca Records" para uma gravação a solo, mas o seu sucesso prematuro iludiu-o.
De volta a Lubbock, Holly formou a sua própria banda, The Crickets, e começou a gravar discos no estúdio de Norman Petty em Clovis, Novo México. Entre as músicas que gravou encontrava-se "That'll Be The Day", que foi buscar o título a uma frase que John Wayne repetia ao longo do filme The Searchers. Norman tinha conhecimentos na indústria musical, e como acreditava qu "That'll Be The Day" seria um grande sucesso fez contactos com editoras. A Coral Records, subsidiária da Decca, contratou Buddy e os Crickets, pondo-o na caricata situação de ter dois contratos ao mesmo tempo.
A música de Holly era sofisticada para seu dias, incluindo o uso de novos instrumentos (para o rock and roll). Holly era um bom guitarrista ritmico, notável em músicas como "Peggy Sue" e "Not Fade Away". Holly podia fazer músicas do tipo garoto-ama-garota como o melhor de seus contemporâneos, outras músicas tinham letras mais sofisticadas, harmonias e melodias muito bem trabalhadas e complexas, que nunca foram mostradas no genêro.
Holly também conseguiu controlar algumas das "guerras" raciais que puntuavam o rock, conseguiu ganhar uma platéia quase toda de negros, quando acidentalmente tocou no Teatro Apollo em Nova York (Diferente do que aparece no filme de sua biografia, levou muitas perfomances para a audiência se convencer de seu talento).
Depois do lançamento de muitas músicas de sucesso, em Março de 1958, ele e os Crickets fizeram uma turne na Inglaterra. Na audiência tinham dois adolescente que futuramente entrariam para a história do rock, Paul McCartney, que depois citou Holly como uma de suas principais influências (o nome The Beatles, foi escolhido, em função do nome da banda de Holly, The Crickets), o outro era Mick Jagger que também recebeu forte influência musical de Holly, tanto que um dos primeiros sucessos de sua banda, os Rolling Stones foi uma versão de "Not Fade Away", e até hoje eles a tocam em suas apresentações . Rival" de Elvis na época, Buddy Holly dividia os fãs com o roqueiro, mas sem o mesmo apelo visual. "Ele foi o primeiro no rock a não ser bonitinho. Na verdade um pouco nerd, com pele ruim, dentes feios e óculos. Foi o primeiro a ter energia e personalidade redefinindo a percepção da boa aparência como faria John Lenon e Mick Jagger na próxima década", diz Phillip Norman em artigo do jornal Daily Telegraph.
Influência
Entre os seguidores de Buddy Holly estão nomes influentes como Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, Eric Clapton, Dwight Yoakam e The Mavericks.
"Pelo menos 40 músicas que escrevemos com os Beatles foram influenciadas por ele", diz McCartney em uma reunião de citações da New Musical Express. "Quando eu tinha 16 ou 17 anos fui assistir a um show e ele olhou para mim. Ele era um poeta, muito a frente de seu tempo", conta ninguém menos que Bob Dylan.
Suas composições também inspiraram Mick Jagger. "Você poderia aprender com Buddy Holly como compor músicas. O jeito que ele as montava, ele era um ótimo compositor", diz. "De todos os heróis da música, ele era o mais acessível, verdadeiro. Ele era um de nós", explica Eric Clapton.
Famoso por usar óculos de armações grossas, o roqueiro também influenciou neste campo. "Ele fez com que fosse ok usar óculos. Eu era o Buddy Holly", disse John Lennon.
O estilo pessoal de Holly, mais controlado e cerebral que Elvis Presley e mais jovial e inovador que os astros western de sua época, teve uma influência na cultura jovem nos dois lados do Atlantico por décadas, refletindo particulamente na música New Wave, movimento de artistas como Elvis Costello e Marshall Crenshaw, e também em bandas anteriores, como The Byrds e The Turtles.
Ele se casou com Maria Elena Santiago em 15 de Agosto de 1958.
Em 1959, Holly saiu dos Crickets e começou uma carreira solo com outros artistas famosos, incluindo Ritchie Valens e J.P. Richardson.
Depois de uma performace no dia 2 de Fevereiro no Surf Ballroom em Clear Lake, Iowa, o pequeno avião Beechcraft Bonanza, no qual viajava com mais 3 passageiros, entrou em uma tempestade de neve cega e bateu no milharal de Albet Juhl algumas milhas depois as 1.05 da manha. A batida matou Holly, Richie Valens (La Bamba), Big Booper (Chantilly Lace) e o piloto Roger Peterson, deixando a mulher de Holly, que estava grávida na época, viúva. Esse evento inspirou o cantor Don McLean a criar uma popular música de 1971, chamada American Pie, e imortalizou o dia 3 de Fevereiro como o dia que o Rock Morreu. Serviços de funeral foram requisitados na Igreja Batista em Lubbock, Texas, e Buddy Holly foi enterrado no cemitério de Lubbock.
Em 1988, Ken Paquette, um morador de Wisconsin fã de rock dos anos 50, erigiu um monumento de aço que representava uma guitarra e um set de três discos pontuados pelos nomes dos três artistas. Ele também criou um monumento similiar perto de Riverside Ballroom, em Green Bay, Wisconsin.
O enredo dramático da vida de Holly inspirou um filme de Hollywood, chamado The Buddy Holly Story, pelo qual o ator Gary Busey recebeu uma indicação ao Oscar de "Melhor Ator". O filme daria origem também a um musical da Broadway.
Buddy Holly é considerado um dos fundadores do rock'n'roll e um de seus músicos mais influentes. Embora sua carreira tenha terminado tão cedo, o trabalho deixado por ele é considerado um dos melhores da história do rock e sua música influenciaria não apenas seus contemporâneos, mas também à direção futura que a música tomaria.
Hoje, 50 anos depois, o estilo de Buddy Holly compor e tocar sua guitarra, ainda é um referencia na country music, e confesso: pra mim Budy Holly sempre foi um grande herói, por isso, uma das minhas filhas tem o nome de Peggy Sue, seu maior sucesso.
Ray Titto.
HONKY-ROCK
Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Joe Ely, and the Cotton Club
ResponderExcluirby Johnny Hughes,
January 2009
Elvis Presley was leaning against his pink, 1954 Cadillac in front of Lubbock's historic Cotton Club. The small crowd were mesmerized by his great looks, cockiness, and charisma. He put on quite a show, doing nearly all the talking. Elvis bragged about his sexual conquests, using language you didn't hear around women. He said he'd been a truck driver six months earlier. Now he could have a new woman in each town. He told a story about being caught having sex in his back seat. An angry husband grabbed his wife by the ankles and pulled her out from under Elvis. I doubted that.
Earlier, at the Fair Park Coliseum, Elvis had signed girl's breasts, arms, foreheads, bras, and panties. No one had ever seen anything like it. We had met Elvis' first manager, Bob Neal, bass player, Bill Black, and guitarist Scotty Moore. They wanted us to bring some beer out to the Cotton Club. So we did. My meeting with Bob Neal in 1955 was to have great meaning in my future. I was 15.
The old scandal rag, Confidential, had a story about Elvis at the Cotton Club and the Fair Park Coliseum. It had a picture of the Cotton Club and told of Elvis' unique approach to autographing female body parts. It said he had taken two girls to Mackenzie Park for a tryst in his Cadillac.
Elvis did several shows in Lubbock during his first year on the road, in 1955. When he first came here, he made $75. His appearance in 1956 paid $4000. When he arrived in Lubbock, Bob Neal was his manager. By the end of the year, Colonel Tom Parker had taken over. Elvis played the Fair Park Coliseum for its opening on Jan. 6th, with a package show. When he played the Fair Park again, Feb. 13th, it was memorable. Colonel Tom Parker and Bob Neal were there. Buddy Holly and Bob Montgomery were on the bill. Waylon Jennings was there. Elvis was 19. Buddy was 18.
Elvis' early shows in Lubbock were:
Jan 6th 1955, Fair Park Coliseum. Feb 13th. Fair Park, Cotton Club April 29 Cotton Club June 3: Johnson Connelly Pontiac with Buddy Holly, Fair Park October 11: Fair Park October 15: Cotton Club, April 10, 1956: Fair Park. Elvis probably played the Cotton Club on all of his Lubbock dates. He also spent time with Buddy Holly on all his Lubbock visits.
Buddy Holly was the boffo popular teenager of all time around Lubbock. The town loved him! He had his own radio show on Pappy Dave Stone's KDAV, first with Jack Neal, later with Bob Montgomery in his early teens. KDAV was the first all-country station in America. Buddy fronted Bill Haley, Marty Robbins, and groups that traveled through. Stone was an early mentor. Buddy first met Waylon Jennings at KDAV. Disk jockeys there included Waylon, Roger Miller, Bill Mack, later America's most famous country DJ, and country comedian Don Bowman. Bowman and Miller became the best known writers of funny country songs.
All these singer-songwriters recorded there, did live remotes with jingles, and wrote songs. Elvis went to KDAV to sing live and record the Clover's "Fool, Fool Fool" and Big Joe Turner's "Shake Rattle and Roll" on acetates. This radio station in now KRFE, 580 a.m., located at 66th and MLK, owned by Wade Wilkes. They welcome visitors. It has to be the only place that Elvis, Buddy, Waylon, and Bill Mack all recorded. Johnny Cash sang live there. Waylon and Buddy became great friends through radio. Ben Hall, another KDAV disc jockey and songwriter, filmed in color at the Fair Park Coliseum. This video shows Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Elvis, Buddy and his friends.
Wade's dad, Big Ed Wilkes, owner of KDAV, managed country comedian, Jerry Clower, on MCA Records. He sent Joe Ely's demo tape to MCA. Bob Livingston also sent one of the tapes I gave him to MCA. This led to a contract. Pappy Dave Stone, the first owner of KDAV, helped Buddy get his record contract with Decca/MCA.
Another disc jockey at KDAV was Arlie Duff. He wrote the country classic, "Y'all Come." It has been recorded by nineteen well-known artists, including Bing Crosby. When Waylon Jennings and Don Bowman were hired by the Corbin brothers, Slim, Sky, and Larry, of KLLL, Buddy started to hang around there. They all did jingles, sang live, wrote songs, and recorded. Niki Sullivan, one of the original Crickets, was also a singing DJ at KLLL. Sky Corbin has an excellent book about this radio era and the intense competition between KLLL and KDAV. All the DJs had mottos. Sky Corbin's was "lover, fighter, wild horse rider, and a purty fair windmill man."
Don Bowman's motto was "come a foggin' cowboy." He'd make fun of the sponsors and get fired. We played poker together. He'd take breaks in the poker game to sing funny songs. I played poker with Buddy Holly before and after he got famous. He was incredibly polite and never had the big head. The nation only knew Buddy Holly for less than two years. He was the most famous guy around Lubbock from the age of fourteen.
Niki Sullivan, an original Cricket, and I had a singing duo as children. We cut little acetates in 1948. We also appeared several times on Bob Nash's kid talent show on KFYO. This was at the Tech Theatre. Buddy Holly and Charlene Hancock, Tommy's wife, also appeared on this show. Larry Holley, Buddy's brother, financed his early career, buying him a guitar and whatever else he needed. Buddy recorded twenty acetates at KDAV from 1953 until 1957. He also did a lot of recording at KLLL. Larry Holley said Niki was the most talented Cricket except Buddy. All of Buddy's band mates and all of Joe Ely's band mates were musicians as children.
Buddy and Elvis met at the Cotton Club. Buddy taught Elvis the lyrics to the Drifter's "Money Honey". After that, Buddy met Elvis on each of his Lubbock visits. I think Elvis went to the Cotton Club on every Lubbock appearance. When Elvis played a show at the Johnson Connelly Pontiac showroom, Mac Davis was there. I was too.
The last time Elvis played the Fair Park Coliseum on April 10,1956, he was as famous as it gets. Buddy Holly, Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, and Don Guess were a front act. They did two shows and played for over 10,000 people. Those wonderful I.G. Holmes photos, taken at several locations, usually show Buddy and his pals with Elvis. Lubbock had a population of 80,000 at the time. Elvis was still signing everything put in front of him. Not many people could have signing women as a hobby.
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Many of the acetates recorded at KLLL and KDAV by Buddy and others were later released, many as bootlegs. When Buddy Holly recorded four songs at KDAV, the demo got him his first record contract. It wasn't just Lubbock radio that so supportive of Buddy Holly. The City of Lubbock hired him to play at teenage dances. He appeared at Lubbock High School assemblies and many other places in town.
Everyone in Lubbock cheered Buddy Holly on with his career. The newspaper reports were always positive. At one teenage gig, maybe at the Glassarama, there was only a small crowd. Some of us were doing the "dirty bop." The Lubbock Avalanche-Journal had photos the next day showing people with their eyes covered with a black strip. Sonny Curtis mentions that in his song, "The Real Buddy Holly Story." When Buddy Holly and the Crickets were on the Ed Sullivan show, the newspaper featured that. The whole town watched.
Buddy was fighting with his manager Norman Petty over money before he died. They were totally estranged. Larry Holley told me that Norman said to Buddy, "I'll see you dead before you get a penny." A few weeks later, Buddy was dead. When Buddy Holly died in a plane crash, it was headline news in the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Over 1000 people attended the funeral on February 7, 1959. Buddy was only twenty-two years old. His widow, Maria Elena Holly, was too upset to attend. The pall bearers were all songwriters and musicians that had played with Buddy: Niki Sullivan, Jerry Allison, Joe B. Mauldin, Sonny Curtis, Bob Montgomery, and Phil Everly. Elvis was in the Army. He had Colonel Tom send a large wreath of yellow roses.
In 1976, I was managing the Joe Ely Band. They had recorded an as-yet -to-be-released album for MCA Records. I was in Nashville to meet with the MCA execs. They wanted Joe to get a booking contract and mentioned some unheard of two-man shops. Bob Neal, Elvis' first manager, had great success in talent managing and booking. He sold his agency to the William Morris Agency, the biggest booking agency in the world, and stayed on as president of the Nashville branch.
I called the William Morris Agency and explained to the secretary that I did indeed know Bob Neal, as we had met at the Cotton Club in Lubbock, Texas when he was Elvis' manager. He came right on the phone. I told him the Joe Ely Band played mostly the Cotton Club. He said that after loading up to leave there one night, a cowboy called Elvis over to his car and knocked him down. Elvis was in a rage. He made them drive all over Lubbock checking every open place, as they looked for the guy. Bob Neal invited me to come right over.
Bob Neal played that, now classic, demo tape from Caldwell Studios and offered a booking contract. We agreed on a big music city strategy: Los Angeles, New York, Nashville, London, and Austin. Bob drove me back to MCA and they could not believe our good fortune. The man had been instrumental in the careers of Elvis, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, Johnny Rodriguez, and many others. The William Morris Agency sent the Joe Ely Band coast to coast and to Europe, first to front Merle Haggard, then on a second trip to front the Clash. The original Joe Ely Band were Lloyd Maines, Natalie's father, steel guitar, Jesse Taylor, electric guitar, Steve Keeton, drums, and Gregg Wright, bass. Ponty Bone, on accordion, joined a little later. The band did the shows and the recording. The recorded tunes were originals from Joe Ely, Butch Hancock, and Jimmie Dale Gilmore.
However, some of the William Morris bookings led to zig zag travel over long distances to so-called listening clubs. When I complained to Bob Neal, he'd recall the 300 dates Elvis played back in 1955. Four guys in Elvis' pink Cadillac. When Buddy made some money, he bought a pink Cadillac. Joe Ely bought a pristine, 1957 pink Cadillac that was much nicer than either of their pink Cadillacs.
When I'd hear from Bob Neal, it was very good news, especially the fantastic, uniformly-rave, album and performance reviews from newspapers and magazines everywhere. Time Magazine devoted a full page to Joe Ely. The earliest big rock critic to praise Joe Ely was Joe Nick Patoski, author of the definitive and critically-acclaimed Willie Nelson: An Epic Life. After one year, MCA was in turmoil. Big stars were leaving or filing lawsuits. We were told they might not re-new the option to make a second record. MCA regularly fired everyone we liked. Bob Neal thought the band should go to Los Angeles for a one-nighter.
He booked the Joe Ely Band into the best known club on the West Coast, the Palomino, owned by his dear pal, Tommy Thomas. We alerted other record companies. They drove back and forth to L.A. in a Dodge Van to play only one night. Robert Hilburn, the top rock critic for the Los Angeles Times, came with his date, Linda Ronstadt.
The Joe Ely Band loved to play music. They started on time, took short breaks, and played until someone made them stop. Robert Hilburn wrote that Ely could be, "the most important male singer to emerge in country music since the mid-60s crop of Waylon Jennings, Merle Haggard, and Willie Nelson." The long review with pictures took up the whole fine arts section of the biggest newspaper in the country. Hilburn praised each of the band individually. He was blown away when they just kept playing when the lights came on at closing time. After that, several major record companies were interested.
The last time I saw Bob Neal was at the Old Waldorf in San Francisco on February 22, 1979. Little Pete, a black drarf who was always around Stubb's Bar-B-Q, was traveling with the band. To open the show, Little Pete came out and announced, "Lubbock, Texas produces the Joe Ely Band!" Then he jumped off the elevated stage and Bo Billingsley, the giant roady, caught him. Bob Neal, the old showman that had seen it all, just loved that.
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This comment originally appears on www.virtualubbock.com Anyone may make copies of this one article or post it on any web site. Thanks to Chris Oglesby and Larry Holley.
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